在CV发生阶跃时，总计时间常量，Tp+Tc,是–阶系统PV值达到CV值63%所需要的时间。如果PID块的采样时间不小于总计时间的1/2，那麼PID块无法实现对此过程的控制。太大的采样时间会使控制不稳定。Tp之后，PV到达最终值63.2%之前的时间通常测试这些参数的最快的方法是将PID块置于手动模式，并且给CV输出一个小的阶跃(改变手动命令%Ref+13),然后测出PV的时域响应。对于慢速过程
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