在频域内，带–阶延时的纯滞后系统的传递函数为以下过程模式参数从PV的单位阶跃响应曲线得到:K过程开环增益=PV最终变化量t0时刻CV变化量Tp|to时刻后，PV开始变化前的过程或通道延时或死区时间T阶过程时间常数可以手动完成:但是对于快速过程，则需要用数据表记录器或在计算机上记录数据曲线。CV的步长要能够引起可观察的PV变化，但也不能大到引起受测过程混乱。最好的步长是CV.上下限幅差值的2%~10%。
General Electric Starter CR306B0, 3 Pole, 18 Amp #34636
Allen Bradley Starter 509-AOD #34727
Gould Solenoid Valve, Air&Water, M 3V, #2957
Square D Transformer Disconnect SK5271M, #8886
Indramat Circuit Board 109-468-3209-1 #34246
Indramat Circuit Board 109-468-3209-1 #34247
Indramat Circuit Board 109-468-3207-1 #34248
Indramat Circuit Board 109-468-3207-1 #34249
Rexroth Pressure Relief Valve ZDR-6-DA7-41/15?0Y #19136
Square D Breaker Operating Mechanism 9422-RR-1 #33455
Square D Breaker Operating Mechanism 9422-RR-1 #33457
Square D Breaker Operating Mechanism 9422-RR-1 #33458
Square D Breaker Operating Mechanism 9422-RR-1 #33459
Square D Breaker Operating Mechanism 9422-RR-1 #33460
Square D Breaker Operating Mechanism 9422-RR-1 #33461
Square D Breaker Operating Mechanism 9422-RR-1 #33463
ALM Slide PC2-4-1 #29504
Internormen Hydraulic Filter 300078-25VG #17360
Hydraulic Filter PL514-5-15. #18204
Rees Pushbutton Double Plunger 01968-032 #28592
